Environmental Shaping of Nutritional Profiles in Three Endemic Moroccan Capparis Species

This study investigated the subspecific variability of three endemics Moroccan Capparis species (C. atlantica, C. ovata, and C. sicula) by analyzing their nutritional composition and the physicochemical properties of their natural habitats. Twelve wild populations were sampled from three regions (Safi, Rif, and Fes-Meknes). Results showed significant variations in macronutrient, micronutrient, and fatty acid profiles among the species. C. atlantica and C. sicula exhibited the highest protein and fat contents, while C. ovata and C. atlantica had the highest total sugar content. C. sicula stood out with the highest iron content, while C. atlantica had the highest zinc and manganese concentrations. All three species showed a predominance of stearic and palmitic acids in their fatty acid profiles. Soil analyses revealed that all Capparis species thrived in alkaline, slightly calcareous soils, but with variations in texture and nutrient levels. C. ovata occupied soils with higher pH and lower phosphorus, potassium, and sodium levels compared to the other two species. Principal component analysis based on nine nutritional traits revealed three distinct groups of populations, suggesting a strong correlation between environmental factors and the nutritional quality of Capparis. This study provides valuable insights into the diversity and nutritional potential of Moroccan Capparis species, highlighting the influence of environmental factors on their biochemical composition.